Which statement about diabetic ketoacidosis is true?

• A. It is always mild
• B. It does not affect mental status
• C. It can be fatal if untreated
• D. It does not affect hydration

Answer: (C)

Diabetic ketoacidosis is an acute, life-threatening complication of diabetes driven by severe insulin deficiency, which leads to high blood sugar, accumulation of ketones, metabolic acidosis, and great fluid and electrolyte losses. Without prompt treatment, the acidosis, dehydration, and electrolyte disturbances can impair cardiovascular and brain function, and the condition can progress to shock, coma, and death. That’s why the statement that it can be fatal if untreated is true.

In contrast, DKA is not typically mild, and dehydration is a hallmark finding due to osmotic diuresis. Mental status changes can occur—from agitation or confusion to coma—so claiming that mental status is not affected would be false.