Which patients are considered immunosuppressed?

• A. On steroids/chemo, HIV pos, new post op, multiple chronic comorbidities, splenectomy, diabetes, very young/elderly
• B. Healthy adult
• C. Athlete
• D. Pregnant woman

Answer: (A)

Immunosuppressed status means the body's defenses are weakened by medicines, diseases, or age. Medications like steroids or chemotherapy suppress white blood cells and the inflammatory response, raising infection risk. HIV infection directly attacks the immune system, especially CD4 cells, leaving the person highly vulnerable. The immediate postoperative period is a state of physiological stress where healing competes with defense against infection. Having multiple chronic illnesses can impair immunity through malnutrition, organ dysfunction, or ongoing inflammation. Splenectomy removes a key site for fighting certain bacteria, increasing susceptibility. Diabetes impairs neutrophil function and wound healing, boosting infection risk. Very young children and the elderly have less robust or mature immune systems, making them more prone to infections.

A healthy adult and an athlete are not inherently immunosuppressed, and pregnancy involves immune modulation but is not the same as being immunosuppressed.