Which of the following is a symptom of cold stress in a newborn?

• A. Tachycardia
• B. Bradycardia
• C. Hyperglycemia
• D. Hyperthermia

Answer: (B)

Cold stress occurs when a newborn loses heat faster than it can produce it, triggering the body's heat-generating mechanisms and leading to higher oxygen and glucose use. This increased demand can quickly outpace supply, causing hypoglycemia, acidosis, and hypoxemia if the cold exposure isn’t corrected. Early on, the infant tends to show signs like rapid heart rate and rapid breathing as the body tries to warm itself. However, as the condition worsens and oxygen delivery declines, the heart can slow down, producing bradycardia. This slowing heart rate is a late, more dangerous sign of progressing cold stress and decompensation, so it’s considered a key symptom when the baby’s condition is deteriorating. Quick warming and stabilization are essential, along with measures to maintain a neutral thermal environment and address potential hypoglycemia. Hyperglycemia is not typical in cold stress because glucose is rapidly used, and hyperthermia would indicate overheating rather than cold stress.