Which description best characterizes croup?

• A. Viral inflammation and edema of the epiglottis and larynx with runny nose, tachypnea, inspiratory stridor, and a seal-like barking cough
• B. Sudden onset high fever with drooling
• C. Pneumonia with productive cough
• D. Allergic reaction with wheezing

Answer: (A)

Croup is a viral infection that causes inflammation and edema of the larynx and trachea, especially around the subglottic area, which narrows the airway and leads to inspiratory stridor. The hallmark is a seal-like barking cough, often with tachypnea and symptoms that come on or worsen at night. A runny nose or mild fever is common in the prodrome. This description fits croup because the combination of a barky cough and inspiratory stridor reflects the narrowed upper airway from laryngeal/tracheal swelling. In contrast, epiglottitis typically presents with drooling, high fever, severe distress, and a muffled voice; pneumonia would show a productive cough with fever from lung consolidation; an allergic reaction would involve wheezing and possible systemic signs.