Which adverse effects are associated with gentamicin?

• A. Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.
• B. Hepatotoxicity and pancreatitis.
• C. Hypotension and bradycardia.
• D. Anemia and thrombocytopenia.

Answer: (A)

Gentamicin, as an aminoglycoside, carries two main toxic risks: damage to the kidneys and damage to the inner ear. Ototoxicity can affect hearing and balance, leading to tinnitus, hearing loss, or vertigo, and it can be irreversible—making it especially important to monitor patients for early signs and to adjust therapy if needed. Nephrotoxicity stems from injury to the renal tubular cells, which can show up as rising creatinine, reduced kidney function, or decreased urine output; this risk is higher with prolonged use, dehydration, older age, or concurrent nephrotoxic drugs.

These concerns explain why ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity are the most expected adverse effects with gentamicin. Hepatotoxicity and pancreatitis are not typical adverse effects of this drug. Similarly, hypotension or bradycardia aren’t primary toxic profiles of gentamicin, and anemia or thrombocytopenia aren’t characteristic issues with it. In clinical practice, monitoring renal function and hearing, along with appropriate dosing and drug level checks, helps mitigate these risks.