What are the three components of the Glasgow Coma Scale?

• A. Brainstem reflexes; motor strength; sensation
• B. Temperature; heart rate; blood pressure
• C. Eye opening; motor response; verbal response
• D. Respiratory rate; oxygen saturation; airway status

Answer: (C)

The question is testing how the Glasgow Coma Scale assesses a patient’s level of consciousness. The scale looks at three observable responses, and those three components together give a numerical score of brain function in terms of awareness and responsiveness.

The three components are eye opening, verbal response, and motor response. Eye opening ranges from spontaneous opening (the highest score) to opening only in response to pain or not at all. Verbal response ranges from oriented and meaningful conversation to nonsensical or no verbal output. Motor response ranges from following commands to localized pain, withdrawing, or exhibiting abnormal reflex movements, down to no movement.

Understanding these parts helps you grasp why this is the correct choice: it directly reflects consciousness by assessing how the patient opens their eyes, what they say or can understand, and how they move in response to stimuli. The other options describe vital signs or different physiological/reflex measures that don’t quantify level of consciousness, so they don’t capture the construct the Glasgow Coma Scale is designed to measure.