Meniere disease is described as which of the following?

• A. Vascular malformation
• B. Inner ear disorder
• C. Autoimmune disease
• D. Bacterial infection

Answer: (B)

Meniere disease is an inner ear disorder caused by abnormal fluid buildup within the labyrinth (endolymphatic hydrops), which disrupts both balance and hearing. This leads to episodes of vertigo, fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and a sensation of fullness in the affected ear. Because the pathology resides in the inner ear’s structures, describing it as an inner ear disorder best captures its nature. It is not a vascular malformation, an autoimmune disease, or a bacterial infection—the latter would typically present with infection symptoms and a different clinical pattern, whereas Meniere’s presents with recurrent vertigo and hearing changes tied to inner ear fluid balance.