In systemic lupus erythematosus, which manifestations may be observed?

• A. Nephritis, arthritis, pericarditis, pleuritis, and sometimes DVT
• B. Only anemia
• C. Only liver disease
• D. None of the above

Answer: (B)

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multisystem autoimmune disease. It commonly causes nephritis (kidney inflammation), arthritis (joint inflammation), and serositis such as pericarditis and pleuritis. It also often leads to hematologic abnormalities like anemia and can promote a hypercoagulable state due to antiphospholipid antibodies, increasing the risk of a deep vein thrombosis. Because of this broad involvement, a statement that includes kidney, joint, heart, and lung involvement along with potential clotting risk best reflects the range of manifestations that may be observed in SLE. Options claiming only anemia or only liver disease, or none of the above, don’t capture this multisystem pattern.