If orthostatic hypotension is suspected due to dehydration, what is the appropriate intervention?

• A. Administer caffeine
• B. Withhold fluids
• C. Administer diuretic
• D. Provide fluids

Answer: (D)

Restoring circulating blood volume is the key management for orthostatic hypotension caused by dehydration. When a person is dehydrated, there isn’t enough intravascular fluid to maintain adequate venous return, so standing can cause a drop in blood pressure and dizziness. Providing fluids replenishes plasma volume, improves venous return to the heart, increases preload and stroke volume, and helps stabilize blood pressure quickly. In practice, oral rehydration is used for mild dehydration, while IV isotonic fluids are appropriate if the patient cannot drink or is significantly dehydrated. The other approaches don’t address the underlying volume deficit: caffeine can promote diuresis and isn’t a corrective treatment for dehydration, withholding fluids would worsen the condition, and a diuretic would further decrease fluid volume.